TermCoastal Processes
Swash Backwash Fetch Constructive Wave Destructive Wave EROSION (4 types) (i) Hydraulic Action (ii) Abrasion (corrasion) (iii) Corrosion (solution) (iv) Attrition TRANSPORTATION Long-shore Drift (LSD) DEPOSITION Headland Bay Geology More Resistant Rock Less Resistant Rock Under Cutting Wave Cut Notch (WCN) Wave Cut Platform Arch Stack Stump Beach Spit Hard Engineering Schemes Sea Wall Wooden Groyne Revetment Gabions Rip Rap Soft Engineering Schemes Beach Replenishment Wave |
Definition...Something that happens at the coast, that creates change.
Swash is the wave coming up on to the beach by the wind. (The transfer of energy up the beach.) Backwash is the wave coming back down the beach by gravitational pull. (The transfer of energy down the beach.) The distance of which the wind has blown. Constructive wave is a wave with a strong swash, but a weak backwash, and it has a greater deposition than erosion. Destructive wave has a weak swash and a strong backwash, and it's erosion is greater than than it's deposition. The wearing away of a beach or cliffs. Hydraulic action is where water enters the cracks in rocks pushing the air deeper and deeper, opening the crack more and more. This process by in which the coast is worn down by material, carried by the waves. Waves throw these particles against the rocks, sometimes at high velocity. This is a chemical process where in which the salt in the sea acts like an acid slowly dissolving the cliffs. (limestone and chalk cliff are prone to this and are worse affected.) Material such as pebbles and stones bump and rub together against each other, so they are smoothed and broken down into smaller particles. The movement of eroded material. The zig and zag of eroded material along the beach caused by the swash and backwash. When transported material settles. When transported material settles. A headland is a point of land, usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends out into a body of water. A sign of erosion where the coast has been eroded inwards making a bay. The features of the earth. More resistant rock is harder to erode than less resistant rock. Less resistant rock erodes more rapidly than more resistant rock. The term for the cliffs retreating. A wave cut notch is where the sea erodes a notch in the cliff face. A wave-cut platform, or shore platform is the narrow flat area often found at the base of a sea cliff or along the the cliffs edge. A curved opening and typically in a cliff, supporting the weight of a bridge, roof, or wall above it. The remains of the eroded headland. The remains of the eroded stack. An area of deposition A spit is made out of deposited material which creates landforms found off coasts. At one end, spits connect to a the land, and extend into the sea... ...A bit like a nose extending from a face. Engineering schemes that are put in place to try and stop natural process such as long-shore drift and erosion. Usually hard, heavy and expensive. A concrete wall placed at the foot of cliffs to reduce to waves impact and reducing erosion. These are wooden groynes are timber barriers placed alone the beach out to sea, caching the transporting material but letting the sea through, to help build up the beach and reduce long-shore drift. Sloping timber structures that take the impact of the waves and helping to reduce erosion. Wire cages full of stones and pebbles placed at the bottom of the cliffs to help break the waves down. Boulders often made from granite placed along the shore line to break down the waves and heklp prevent erosion. Engineering schemes to help prevent natural processes such as long-shore drift or erosion. Simple and cheep. When unwanted sediment is dumped on the beach to help give it move depth. This help prevent erosion because by the time the wave has got up the beach they have no energy. The movement of the wind across the sea. |